The below questions must be answered with this textbook. Frank Hagan, “Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology,” 8th Edition. Allyn and Bacon, 2009.

1. Define and discuss in detail each of the methods utilized in determining both validity and reliability. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each, discuss the relationship between validity and reliability as they pertain to the methods of testing for validity and reliability, and provide an example of each. Tables and graphs included in the text will be considered as extra credit, but they may not be copied and pasted from the modules.

2. In a comprehensive essay address each of the following points: define scaling and provide an example; discuss arbitrary scales and their characteristics; define and discuss the Likert scaling procedure and provide an example; define and discuss the various crime seriousness scales addressed in class and provide examples; define and discuss prediction scales and provide an example; address the advantages and disadvantages of scales Citations from the textbook are appropriate for this answer.

3. Define and discuss a variables list and the five steps involved with the data management process (provide examples where appropriate). In addition, list and address the steps to reading a table and utilize the table on p. 349 of the Frank Hagan text for examples. Discuss the advantages of reading a table and why it is important for a researcher in any field to be competent in table reading.

4. List and define each of the seven steps to performing evaluation research. After listing and defining each step, devote at least a paragraph to each step in a discussion of the concept as well as one or more relevant examples.

The new writer can use the 9th edition which I see is easier to locate.

9th edition can be used instead of the 8th edition